学龄前儿童营养不良的发生现状及影响因素分析

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Malnutrition in Preschool Children

目的 了解学龄前儿童营养不良的发生现状,并对相关影响因素进行分析。方法 选择2021年3—6月在郑州市妇幼保健院进行健康体检的4所幼儿园的780例学龄前儿童作为研究对象,记录营养不良的发生情况,并通过调查问卷了解相关指标。采用χ~2检验进行单因素分析,采用logistic回归方法进行多因素分析。结果 780例学龄前儿童中,存在营养不良84例,检出率为10.77%,其中轻度营养不良67例(79.76%),中度营养不良16例(19.05%),重度营养不良1例(1.19%)。logistic回归分析结果显示,近1 a经常患病(OR=3.758,95%CI:1.562~9.044)、母亲高中及以下受教育程度(OR=3.050,95%CI:1.285~7.238)、家长营养行为较差(OR=1.931,95%CI:1.033~3.608)以及儿童存在挑食行为(OR=2.751,95%CI:1.014~7.461)均为学龄前儿童发生营养不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 学龄前儿童营养不良的检出率相对较高,其中以轻度营养不良为主,发生营养不良的独立危险因素包括近1 a经常患病、母亲高中及以下受教育程度、家长营养行为较差以及儿童存在挑食行为,应重视学龄前儿童营养不良问题,加强营养管理工作,改善学龄前儿童的营养状况,促进其健康成长。

Objective To understand the current status of malnutrition in preschool children and analyze the related influencing factors.Methods A total of 780 preschool children in 4 kindergartens who underwent physical examination in Zhengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March to June 2021 were selected as the research subjects.The incidence of malnutrition was recorded and related factors were investigated by questionnaire.χ~2 test was used for univariate analysis,and logistic regression method was used for multivariate analysis.Results Among 780 preschool children,84 cases had malnutrition,the detection rate was 10.77%.There were 67 cases(79.76%) of mild malnutrition,16 cases(19.05%) of moderate malnutrition and 1 case(1.19%) of severe malnutrition.Logistic regression analysis results indicated that the independent risk factors for malnutrition in preschool children including frequent disease in recent year(OR=3.758,95% CI:1.562-9.044),low educational level of mothers(OR=3.050,95% CI:1.285-7.238),poor nutritional behavior of parents(OR=1.931,95% CI:1.033-3.608) and fussy eating behavior(OR=2.751,95% CI:1.014-7.461)(P<0.05).Conclusion The malnutrition detection rate of preschool children was relatively high,mild malnutrition accounts for a large proportion.The independent risk factors of malnutrition occurrence included frequent disease in recent year,low educational level of mothers,poor nutritional behavior of parents and fussy eating behavior.We should pay attention to the malnutrition of preschool children,strengthen nutrition management,improve the nutritional status of preschool children,and promote their healthy growth.