改写理论视角下张元济的译外行为探究

Zhang Yuanji’s Extra-Translational Activities Viewed from Rewriting Theory

张元济之所以被收入翻译家辞典,原因不在于其译内行为,而在于其译外行为,即对翻译家的经济赞助、对翻译意识形态的操控,以及对翻译诗学的影响。从翻译改写理论的视角看,张元济是集经济赞助人、意识形态操控者、翻译诗学影响者三种身份于一体的非典型翻译家。在扶助严复和林纾的译作出版、资助翻译组织“共学社”的过程中,他扮演了经济赞助人的角色;在确定“编译四原则”、打造翻译品牌的过程中,他担任了意识形态操控者的角色;在提炼翻译诗学、撰写译文序跋的过程中,他成为翻译诗学的影响者。正是这三种译外行为成就了张元济的非典型翻译家身份。

Zhang Yuanji’s extra-translational activities include his economic patronage on translators,his manipulation of translation ideology and his influence on translation poetics.His economic patronage manifests itself in Zhang’s economic support of Yan Fu,Lin Shu and“Gongxue Society”.His ideological manipulation shows in his compilation of“the four rules of translation and publication”,while his poetological influence exhibits in the prefaces,postscripts and translation poetics he has composed.