2017-2019年北京市通州区PM_(2.5)浓度污染特征及与支气管哮喘门诊量的关系研究

Pollution characteristics of PM_(2.5) concentration and relationship with volume of outpatient services for bronchial asthma in Tongzhou district,Beijing from 2017 to 2019

目的了解北京市通州区大气主要污染物污染特征,探讨细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))暴露对支气管哮喘门诊量的滞后效应。方法收集通州区某医院2017-2019年支气管哮喘门诊资料,以及同时期气象资料(平均温度、平均湿度及平均相对湿度)和五种大气污染物日浓度资料(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO),运用R软件进行污染物特征描述性分析、Spearman秩相关分析,构建广义相加模型,分析PM_(2.5)对支气管哮喘门诊量影响滞后效应。结果通州区PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)与NO_(2)年均浓度均超过国家环境空气质量二级标准,PM_(2.5)年均浓度分别为49.5、45.0、37.5μg/m^(3),PM_(2.5)日均浓度超标率逐年下降,超标天数比例分别为31.5%、25.2%、16.7%。PM_(2.5)污染对支气管哮喘门诊量滞后1-6天效应明显(P<0.05),其中第4天滞后效应最大,RR值(95%CI)为1.018(1.013~1.023),供暖期滞后效应明显。结论通州区大气污染程度逐年下降,但仍存在大气污染物超标状况,PM_(2.5)污染对支气管哮喘门诊量影响存在滞后效应。

Objectives To understand the pollution characteristics of major air pollutants in Tongzhou district,Beijing,and explore the lag effect of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))exposure on the volume of outpatient services for bronchial asthma.Methods The outpatient data of bronchial asthma in a hospital in Tongzhou district of Beijing from 2017 to 2019,as well as the meteorological data(average temperature,average humidity and average relative humidity)and the daily concentration data of five air pollutants(PM_(10),PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2) and CO)in the same period were collected.The pollutant characteristics were analyzed by descriptive analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis using R software,and a generalized additive model was constructed to analyze the lag effect of PM_(2.5)on the outpatient volume of bronchial asthma.Results In Tongzhou district of Beijing,the average annual concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10)and NO_(2)exceeded the national ambient air quality class Ⅱ standard.The average annual concentrations of PM_(2.5)were 49.5,45.0 and 37.5μg/m^(3),respectively.The exceeding rate of 5-day average concentration decreased year by year,and the proportion of exceeding days was 31.5%,25.2% and 16.7%,respectively.PM_(2.5)had a significant lag effect on the outpatient volume of bronchial asthma for 1-6 days(P<0.05),of which the lag effect on the fourth day is the largest,and RR(95%CI)was 1.018(1.013-1.023).The lag effect in heating period was obvious.Conclusion The degree of air pollution in Tongzhou district has decreased year by year,but there are still air pollutants exceeding the standard.There is a lag effect of pollution on the outpatient volume of bronchial asthma.