面向过程的信息交互模型比较及启示

Comparison of Process-Oriented Information Interaction Models and Its Enlightenment

尽管已有研究提出了大量面向过程的信息交互模型,但是鲜有研究对这些模型进行系统梳理和比较,导致对信息交互的具体过程缺乏清晰的理解。本文首先通过回顾哲学及社会科学领域中对过程法以及过程研究的解释,得到一般性过程模型的基本要素组成;其次,综合采用引文回溯、数据库检索等方式,较为全面系统地查找信息行为及相关领域中提出的信息交互模型,根据过程法的特点筛选出相应的模型,并将这些模型分为动态演化模型、认知过程模型、行为过程模型和任务导向下的过程模型四个类型分别进行梳理;最后,从一般性过程模型的组成元素出发,包括阶段数量、阶段间关系、输入输出因素等方面,对各个模型进行比较和分析,发现这些模型既存在差异也存在共性。本文的结论有助于从更细粒度的时间维度上揭示信息交互这一复杂现象的过程性特点,也有利于为面向过程的信息检索系统评价与优化等提出相应的启示。

Several existing process-oriented information interaction models have been proposed in the last few decades.However,to the best of our knowledge,there is no research on systematically comparing and combing these models.Therefore,in this study,by reviewing researches on the explanations of the process approach and methodologies in the fields of philosophy and other social sciences,the components of the general process model are identified.Secondly,a collection of studies on the information interaction model is systematically constructed by combining citation analysis,database retrieval and other methods.Amongst them,the process-oriented models are selected according to the characteristics of the process approach.These models are further classified into four categories,including dynamic evolution model,cognitive process model,behavior process model and work task-based process model in prior to be reviewed.Finally,these models are compared and analyzed from the perspective of the constituent elements of the general process model,including the number of stages,the relationships among the stages,the input and output factors,etc.The corresponding enlightenment is provided from the aspects of the information interaction process and system evaluation metrics and so on.