汽车驾驶员热感觉预测及其影响因素分析

Prediction of Driver's Thermal Sensation and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

汽车热舒适已经成为评价汽车性能的重要指标,准确的预测乘客热感觉是汽车热舒适评价的关键。本文通过对夏季汽车稳态热环境进行测试,计算得到预计平均评价(Predicted Mean Vote,PMV)来预测驾驶员整体热感觉,利用Python编程定量分析各参数对PMV影响的敏感性,最后通过热适应性理论修正PMV并与主观热感觉投票进行比较。结果表明,服装热阻和新陈代谢率会显著影响PMV,试验时需要准确测量。环境参数对PMV影响的敏感性从高到低为空气温度、平均辐射温度、风速和相对湿度,为汽车驾驶员热感觉预测提供了参考。利用期望因子修正PMV后能够较准确的预测整体热感觉。

Thermal comfort has become an important index to evaluate car performance.Accurate prediction of passenger thermal sensation is the key to evaluate thermal comfort of car.In this paper,the steady-state thermal environment of the car in summer was tested and the environment parameters of driver were measured.The Predicted Mean Vote(PMV)was calculated to predicted the whole thermal sensation of the driver.The sensitivity of parameters which influence PMV was analyzed quantitatively by Python.Finally,the PMV was corrected by thermal adaptability theory and compared with subjective thermal sensation vote.The results show that clothing insulation and activity level can significantly affect PMV,which need to be accurately measured in the test.The sensitivity of environmental parameters to PMV from high to low is air temperature,mean radiation temperature,air velocity and relative humidity,which provides a reference for the prediction of the driver's thermal sensation.The PMV,which was corrected by expectaion fator,can predict the whole thermal sensation accurately.