与破局共舞的防灾教育:传承灾害与灾祸记忆的教育尝试

Disaster Prevention Education:An Educational Attempt to Inherit Memory of Catastrophe

反映社会结构脆弱性的自然灾害与社会灾祸,可以被理解为引发个体或群体所处生活领域与社会基础破坏性动摇的、在事件发生之前不可想象的社会现象,而灾害与灾祸记忆就是人们对该过去发生现象的回忆与再认。对人而言,灾害与灾祸记忆是给予人以身份的存在之根,是具有警示作用的后事之师,是带来生成契机的意外之局,是光大求真之心的斗争之所。但是对个体的生成至关重要的该记忆却被扎根于现实生活的、排斥不确定性的现代教育整体性地遗忘了。对灾害与灾祸记忆的传承逐渐被形式化的灾害纪念与知识化的防灾教育所取代。事实上,重视传承灾害与灾祸记忆的防灾教育不仅是帮助个体成为幸存者的自助教育,也是促使个体成为志愿者的共助教育。在情感共鸣与真挚对话的作用下,曾经共同回忆和再认某一灾害或灾祸的人们建构起彼此间的联结,共同面对未来可能再临的全新破局。借传承记忆之便,行共感对话之举,达他者共舞之功,成破局重生之事,此为新防灾教育之旨。

Natural disasters and social disasters can be understood as the phenomena that lead to the destructive shaking of people’s life field and social foundation.And the memory of catastrophe is people’s recollection and recognition of the past phenomenon.For people,the memory of catastrophe is the basis that gives people identities,the wake-up call for survivor,the accident that brings the chance,the place of debate for seeking truth.However,the memory,which is essential to the bildung of individuals,has been completely forgotten by modern education,which is rooted in real life and repels uncertainty.The inheritance of memory is gradually replaced by formal commemoration and knowledge-based disaster prevention education.In fact,disaster prevention education that attaches importance to inheriting the memory of catastrophe is not only self-help education that helps students become survivors,but also co-help education that makes students become volunteers.Under the effect of emotional resonance and sincere dialogue,people who recognized the catastrophe together build a connection,in order to face a new catastrophe that may come again in the future.