非洲油气工业发展现状与中-非合作前景分析

Analysis on the development status of African oil and gas industry and the prospect of China-Africa cooperation

非洲油气资源丰富,主要富集在被动大陆边缘盆地、克拉通坳陷盆地和裂谷盆地,勘探程度低。由于油价长期低位徘徊,非洲油气勘查投入呈不断下降趋势,石油探明储量保持相对稳定,天然气探明储量有较大的增长。非洲油气资源国家希冀充分利用本地资源,提高油气工业发展水平,增加国家财政收入;但受制于经济发展水平,非洲本土油气需求量相对较小但呈现不断增长的趋势,油气主要出口至欧洲、中国、印度等国家和地区。非洲是我国重要的海外油气合作区以及原油进口区,中非油气贸易金额占中非贸易总金额的四分之一,双方需求互补,合作潜力巨大。中资企业可进一步加强油气勘探开发合作,加大上游勘探投入,抓住国际石油公司剥离非核心资产的契机,入手优质区块,对接莫桑比克、坦桑尼亚、塞内加尔、毛里塔尼亚等新兴天然气资源国家合作需求,积极布局液化天然气加工以及下游炼化业务,建立全产业链发展模式,进一步夯实中非油气国际产能合作基础。

Africa is rich in oil and natural gas resources with low exploration levels.Oil and natural gas resources are mainly concentrated in passive continental margin basins,cratonic depression basins and rift basins.Due to long-term low oil prices,Africa’s oil and gas exploration investment has shown a continuous downward trend.Oil reserves remain relatively stable,and natural gas reserves have increased significantly.Restricted by economic development level,the market demand in Africa is relatively small.So oil and natural gas are mainly exported to Europe,China,India and other countries.Africa is China’s important overseas petroleum cooperation partner and crude oil import zone.Oil and natural gas trade between China and Africa accounts for nearly a quarter of the total China-Africa trade value.The two sides have complementary needs and have huge potential for further cooperation.Firstly,Chinese companies can strengthen cooperation in hydrocarbon exploration and development and increase upstream exploration investment.Secondly,international oil companies are trying to divest non-core assets,and Chinese companies can take this opportunity for high-quality blocks,Thirdly,they can meet the needs for cooperation from emerging natural gas resource countries such as Mozambique,Tanzania,Senegal,and Mauritania.Finally,they can actively deploy LNG processing and downstream refining and establish whole industrial chain development model in Africa so as to further consolidate the foundation for China-Africa oil and gas international capacity cooperation.