斧形盖蚤的养殖及其生活史的初步观察

REARING OF CALLOPSYLLA DOLABRIS AND PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTER

斧形盖蚤(Callopsylla dolabris Jordan & Rothschild,1911)是喜马拉雅旱獭Marmota himalayana Hodgson,(1841)鼠疫自然疫源地的主要媒介,也是我国西北高原地区的特有蚤种。其宿主是专一的,只有和旱獭自由频繁的接触而吮吸其血,才能产卵繁殖。成虫的耐寒力和耐饥力很强。人工养殖在20-23℃、相对湿度88-100%、幼虫饲以旱獭血粉或兔血粉和酵母粉的条件下,各发育期分别为:卵期3-8天、幼虫期11-31天天(结茧率约为16.3%)蛹期(包括前蛹)9-18天(化蛹率约为69.5%);从卵-幼虫-蛹-成虫的变态发育历期为23一57天。雌雄性比为1.4:1,羽化天数雌先于雄。其繁殖羽化出成蚤的盛期是夏末和秋季。

Callopsylla dolabris is the main carrier in the natural birth place of the plague of Marmota himalyana in Qinghai Province.Attempts to rear this marmot flea in the laboratory did not succeed in China until quite recently.The authors tried to rear this flea on mice,white rabbits and sheep,but failed altogether.Finally we bred this flea on its natural host M.himalayana and it proved to be a success.The laboratory rearing of this flea was carried out in a constant temperature cabinet at 20-23℃and relative humidity of 88-100%.They fed and copulated freely on the marmot and oviposited eggs as usual.Larval food consisted of rabbit or marmot dried blood powder and yeast powder mixed with sand.The periods of different developmental stages were 3-8 days for the egg,11-31 days for the larva and 9-18 days for the prepupa and pupa.The percentage of larvae reaching adult stage was 69.5%.The male flea emerged several days later than the female.The complete life cycle from egg to adult took 23-57 days,sex ratio for vs on emergence being 1.4:1.The breeding season reached its climax in summer and autumn.