视网膜缺血性损伤动物模型与发病机制的研究进展

Progresses in the models and mechanisms of retinal ischemic injury

视网膜缺血性损伤(RII)是许多眼底血管性疾病的重要病理基础,其发病机制复杂,常会导致不可逆的视网膜低灌注和视神经细胞功能损伤,从而造成患者严重的视觉障碍。本综述对近年来研究进行总结发现,RII的常见动物模型包括升高眼压法、视神经或血管结扎法、光动力或药物注射诱导法等;其发病机制主要涉及氧自由基损伤、线粒体能量代谢障碍、兴奋性氨基酸毒性作用及细胞凋亡等途径。深入了解RII的动物模型建立方法及潜在发病机制,对全面认识视网膜缺血性疾病并寻求有效的治疗方法具有重要的参考价值。

Retinal ischemic injury(RII)is an important pathological basis for many fundus vascular diseases.Its pathogenesis is complicated and often causes irreversible retinal hypoperfu‑sion and damage of optic nerve cells,resulting in severe visual impairment.This review summa‑rized recent studies and found that the common animal models of RII included the methods of in‑creased intraocular pressure,optic nerve or vascular ligation,photodynamic or drug induction,and so on.The pathogenesis mainly involves oxygen free radical damage,mitochondrial energy metabo‑lism disorder,excitatory amino acid toxicity or cell apoptosis.The establishment of retinal isch‑emia models and the study of potential pathogenesis will provide a great reference on comprehen‑sively understanding retinal ischemic diseases and seeking effective treatment.