从“女性”到“小资产阶级”——五四之后现代性方案中的性别与阶级

From″Women″to″Petty Bourgeoisie″:Gender and Class in the Modernity Program after the May Fourth Movement

五四之后,根植于达尔文进化论的进步论女性主义,以现代性学的形式,与泛社会主义、无政府主义思潮一起,构成经济—性双轴并驱的现代性方案,为中国现代知识分子所接纳,建构出一种因自由性择而获得主体性与公民身份的女性性别主体;随着马克思主义现代性方案对于双轴方案的替代,以生产关系定义的阶级概念逐步重塑了有性的主体;而从复调马克思主义向列宁主义的发展过程中,知识分子的小资产阶级自我改造论,为囿于性别主体困境的女性提供救赎的同时,亦开启了女性知识分子思想改造书写的源头。

After the May Fourth Movement,the progressive feminism rooted in Darwin′s theory of evolution,in the form of modern sexology,together with the trend of pan-socialism and anarchism,constituted a modernity program bi-axially driven by economy and sexuality,which was accepted by modern Chinese intellectuals and constructed a female gender subject who obtained subjectivity and citizenship through free sexual choice.With the replacement of Marxist modernity program for the biaxial program,the class defined by production relations has gradually reshaped the sexed subject.In the process of developing from pluralistic Marxism to Leninism,the theory of self-reformation of the petty bourgeoisie not only provided redemption for women in the predicament of gender subjectivity,but also opened up the writing of ideological remolding of female intellectuals.