20世纪上半叶中国文学中的“妇女解放”问题

″Women′s Liberation″in Chinese Literature in the First Half of the 20th Century

长期以来,中国现当代文学中的女性叙事研究深受欧美性别理论的影响,习惯于从性别二元对峙的视野来理解20世纪中国历史与文学中的女性问题,认为20世纪中国缺乏对男性中心主义的抵抗,无论是“人的启蒙”还是“人民的解放”,都同时存在着对女性的忽视、压抑、规训乃至抹杀。中国现当代文学作为与20世纪中国历史同行的20世纪文学,对女性问题有自己的探讨、表述和呈现。但是,中国20世纪的“妇女解放”问题,与欧美性别理论在前提语境、具体内涵与目标意义等重要问题上都存在着重要差异。当代文学与文化研究所呈现的“妇女解放”问题有必要重新回到从现实历史进程而不是从某个既定的理论框架出发来理解。

For a long time,the study of female narrative in Chinese modern and contemporary literature has been deeply influenced by Western gender theories.The female problems in Chinese history and literature in the 20th century were usually understood from the perspective of gender binary confrontation.It is believed that previous research lacked resistance to male centrism in the 20th century.In both″human′s enlightenment″and″people′s Liberation″,there were neglect,repression,discipline and even obliteration of women.Chinese modern and contemporary literature,as a 20th century Chinese literature that goes hand in hand with the 20th century Chinese history,has its own discussion,expression and presentation of women′s issues.However,there are important differences between Chinese″women′s liberation″in the 20th century and European and American gender theories in issues such as the premise context,specific connotation and goal meaning.The issue of″women′s liberation″presented by contemporary literature and culture researches needs to be understood in the realist historical process rather than in an established theoretical framework.