再议马克思的商业资本理论及启示

Further Discussion on Marxian Theory of Commercial Capital and Its Enlightenment

在商业活动持续创新发展的背后,马克思的商业资本理论仍具有重要的指导意义。对这一理论的科学认识与正确解读,关系到统筹推进现代流通体系建设的重要战略任务。文章通过回归《资本论》原文并系统梳理马克思的商业资本理论,结合脱离原典理论后容易产生的认识误区,厘清了作为商业资本最重要的“亚种”的商品经营资本与作为产业资本过渡形式之一的商品资本的实质性差异以揭示商业资本的特殊重要性,分析了商业资本本质职能的实际体现;同时结合基本经济制度,阐释了商业资本介入情况下的新变化及其潜在影响,并系统考察了商业资本的历史演进过程及其与产业资本之间的关系,为流通领域的现实经济问题提供了相应的理论启示。

With the continuous innovation and development of commercial activities,Marxian Theory of Commercial Capital still has important guiding significance. The scientific understanding and correct interpretation of this theory are related to the important strategic task of promoting the construction of modern circulation system. By reviewing the original text of Das Kapital,systematically combing Marxian Theory of Commercial Capital,and considering the likely misunderstandings in the absence of the original theory,this paper clarifies the substantial difference between commodity operation capital as the most important “sub-divisions”of commercial capital and commodity-capital as a functional form of industrial capital to reveal the special importance of commercial capital,analyses the actual embodiment of commercial capital’s essential function,explains the new change and its potential impact with the involvement of commercial capital,and also systematically investigates the historical evolution of commercial capital and its relationship with the industrial capital,which provides corresponding theoretical enlightenment for the practical economic problems in the circulation field.