人与自然和谐共生新格局下评估干旱区林果业生产的生态功能价值——以新疆南疆地区为例

Assessing the ecological function value of fruit plantation in arid areas under a new pattern of harmonious coexistence between man and nature:A case of southern Xinjiang

量化评估干旱区林果业生产的生态功能价值,可以使人们尤其是林果种植户更充分认识林果业生产在改善当地生态环境方面的作用和效果,促使其生产决策时不只考虑经济因素,还更注重生态因素,实现环境保护、林果经济发展和种植户增收协同增效。以干旱区新疆南疆地区为例,运用影子工程法、造林成本法、机会成本法和成本替代法测算林果业生产所提供的各项生态功能价值。结果表明:(1)南疆地区总的生态功能价值从2003年的41.22×10^(8)~45.11×10^(8)元增长至2018年的110.86×10^(8)~121.05×10^(8)元,2010年达最高水平141.02×10^(8)元;就具体生态功能价值而言,固碳释氧>保护生物多样性>保育土壤>涵养水源>净化环境;各地州林果业生产总的生态功能价值排序固定不变(2003年除外),即喀什地区>阿克苏地区>巴音郭楞蒙古自治州>和田地区>克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州;克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州与喀什地区发展趋势相似,波动幅度大且与整体发展趋势最接近;和田地区以11.10%增幅稳定增长。(2)由于种植规模的不稳定性,南疆地区林果业生产总的生态功能价值水平波动发展,于2010年达最高水平后呈现出下降趋势。(3)对于集干旱、风沙于一体的地区,林果种植在净化环境和涵养水源方面的作用持续性强、意义更深远。建议政府大力宣传林果种植的生态效益并制定生态林果生产支持政策,以部分补贴林果种植户;同时,考虑空间邻近效应,各地州要统一合理规划林果业生产布局。

Quantitative evaluation of the ecological function value of fruit plantation in arid areas can help people,especially fruit growers,to fully understand the role and effects of fruit plantation in improving the local ecological environment.In addition to considering economic factors,more attention must be paid to ecological factors in order to achieve the synergistic benefits of environmental protection,economic development related to fruit cultivation and increased revenue for farmers.The research was conducted in southern Xinjiang,China.The research methodology consisted of the Shadow Project Method,reforestation cost method,opportunity cost method,and cost substitution method.The results showed:(1)Ecological function value of fruit plantation increased from 41.22×10^(8)-45.11×10^(8)CNY in 2003 to 110.86×10^(8)-121.05×10^(8)CNY in 2018.It reached a peak of 141.02×10^(8)CNY in 2010,but the overall environment value showed a downward trend with slight fluctuation.In terms of specific ecological function,the sequence,from high to low,was carbon fixation and oxygen release,protection of biodiversity,conservation of soil,water conservation,and air purification.Regionally,the ranking of states(except 2003)was also fixed.From high to low,it was Kashgar Prefecture,Aksu Prefecture,Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture,Hotan Prefecture,and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture.Similar trends in development were observed in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture and Kashgar Prefectures,where the fluctuation range was large,and the development trend was the closest to the whole.Furthermore,Hotan Prefecture showed a steady increase of 11.10%.(2)Owing to the instability of the planting scale,the total ecological value of the fruit industry in southern Xinjiang fluctuated and showed a downward trend.It reached its highest level in 2010,followed by a downward trend.(3)In more arid and sandy areas,fruit planting can have profound,long-term effects on air purification and water conservation.Based on these findings,the government should publicize the ecological benefits of fruit planting and develop policies in support of the industry,including subsidies for fruit farmers.At the same time,considering the spatial proximity effect,all prefectures should make a unified and reasonable plan of fruit production layout.