CL⁃20废水处理组合工艺的开发及应用

Development and Application of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane Wastewater Treatment Combination Process

典型第三代含能材料六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL‑20)特殊的多环笼状结构,使其生产过程会伴随着高浓度的有机溶剂,具有较大的生物毒性,为解决CL‑20投产所造成严重的污染排放问题,研究通过内电解‑碱解‑生物处理组合工艺,采用零价铁还原硝基化合物、碱解分解乙酸乙酯和氯仿成为小分子有机酸的预处理工艺,利用厌氧‑好氧生物组合工艺去除废水中的有机污染物。结果表明内电解工段可完全去除废水中的CL‑20,反应最佳pH值为2。在pH值和停留时间分别为11和4 h的最优碱解工艺参数条件下,废水中的乙酸乙酯和氯仿的去除率分别达到(99.4±0.1)%和(95.4±0.9)%。经内电解‑碱解预处理废水的可生化性得到显著提高,上流式厌氧污泥反应器(UASB)‑曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合生物工艺最终出水化学需氧量(COD)可降至300 mg·L^(-1)以下,表明“内电解‑碱解‑UASB‑BAF”组合工艺具有良好的运行稳定性。

The special polycylic cage structure of the typical third‑generation energy‑containing material hexanitrohexaazoisowoodsane(CL‑20)makes its production process accompanied by high concentration of organic solvents,which has large biological toxicity.In order to solve the serious pollution emission caused by CL‑20 production,a combined internal electrolysis‑alkaline hydrolysis‑biodegradation process was proposed.Firstly,nitro compounds were reduced by zero‑valent.Ethyl acetate and chloroform could be decomposed to small molecular organic acids by alkaline hydrolysis.Then,organic pollutants in wastewater were removed by anaerobic‑aerobic biological combination process.The results indicate that CL‑20 in the wastewater is thoroughly removed at the optimal reaction pH of 2.For alkaline hydrolysis process,the optimal pH value and treatment time is found to be 11.0 and 4 h,respectively.The removal efficiencies of ethyl acetate and chloroform reaches(99.4±0.1)%and(95.4±0.9)%,respectively.Biodegradability could be improved by internal electrolysis‑alkaline hydrolysis pretreatment.The chemical oxygen demand(COD)in effluent could be as low as 300 mg·L^(-1) during the integrated biological process of upflow anaerobic sludge reactor(UASB)and biological aerated filter(BAF).The combined internal electrolysis‑alkaline hydrolysis‑biodegradation process offers bright prospects for the treatment of wastewater from the manufacture of CL‑20.