我国鸟类寄生线虫生态特性的初步探讨

STUDIES ON THE PARASITIC NEMATODES OF BIRDS IN CHINA

我国鸟类寄生线虫的研究,从区系的角度来看,研究尚少,过去,鸟类线虫方面的研究,多系零星报道(祝海如,1931;徐锡藩,1931,1932,1933;徐锡藩和Hoeppli,1933,1934;伍献文,1933,1934;伍献文和刘建康1940;伍献文和龚建章,1944;李希杰1933,1934;丁汉波,1936;顾昌栋,1956;徐艿南,1957,1959,1963;汪溥钦,1965,1966,1980;吴淑卿,1973;吴淑卿和沈守训,1966;沈守训和吴淑卿,1964,1973;沈守训,1981)。作者根据我国海南岛(五指山、榆林,尖峰岭和那大)、江苏(太湖地区)、山东(微山湖地区)、河北(白洋淀地区)、内蒙古自治区(乌梁素海地区)和新疆维吾尔自治区(天山南山地区)等地的鸟类寄生线虫调查,从宿主和寄生线虫的相互关系方面,初步分析研究了线虫的区系组成。共剖检各种鸟1,321只,分隶于46科172种,其中感染线虫的有485只,隶于83种,感染率为36.71%(表1)。经分析鉴定有线虫70种,分隶于17科31属(表2)。

A total of 70 different species of nematodes is investigated which parasitizes in 172 various species of 1,321 birds from the provinces of Jiangsu, Shandong and Hebei, the Hainan island and the autonomous regions of Ncimeng and Xinjiang in China, Some conclusions are drawn as follows: 1. The parasitic nematodes all have specification. Most nematodes parasitize in the same kind of host only, but there is a wider host range for a few species of nematodes, most of which parasitize in different kinds of hosts having;nearer relation. 2. The birds living in the water area are infected mostly with the geonema-todcs and those in the forest region mostly with the bionematodes. 3. The birds acting as hosts, whose region of living and feeding environment arc different, have various food habits, hence there is an apparent difference between the infection with the geonematodes and with the bionematodes, 4. The features of the paludal or lacustrine region are lowland, weedy, moist and warm: these conditions are favourable to the occurrence, the transmission and the infection of the geonematodes. In the forest region and mountainous district, the highland conditions and the dry climate are unfavourable to the egg-development of the geonematodes, so the occurrence of the bionematodes is dominant. 5. The existence of the parasitic nematodes is dependent first of all, on the existence of the host, but the environmental conditions also are important, especially for the geonematodes because their eggs a longer development stage in outside environment.