词素构词理论下的西班牙语构词法教学策略——以否定前缀des-、in-、a-为例

Teaching Strategies for Spanish Word Formation from a Morpheme-based Approach:A Case Study of the Negative Prefixes des-,in-,a-

词素构词理论是指将所有单词看作由一个或者多个词素构成的一种新的构词方法。这种构词方法在西班牙语的构词法教学当中发挥了重大作用,不仅可以培养学生识别构词成分,并且可以根据构词规律构造新词。该文拟分3个部分展开论述,首先,以词素构词理论为切入点,从词法最小单位——词素出发,考察西班牙语词素的特征与分类;其次,以《西班牙语专业四八级词汇》收录的词汇为语料,探索和归纳3个否定前缀des-、in-、a-的构词的规律;最后,针对如何在课堂上开展构词法教学提出了几点反思,建议教师通过以下4个阶段进行西班牙语构词法教学:(1)认识形态;(2)分解词素;(3)赋予语义;(4)构造新词。

Morpheme-based theory refers to a new approach of word-formation,which regards that all words are composed of one or more morphemes.This method of word formation plays an important role in the teaching of Spanish word formation,which can not only develop the students’ability to recognize the components of word-formation,but also make them construct new words in accordance with the rules of word-formation.This paper is divided into three parts.Firstly,on the basis of the theory applied to morpheme word-formation and morphemes,which is the smallest unit of morpheme,we reexamine the features and classifications of Spanish morphemes.Secondly,based on the words collected in the Vocabulario EEE,the rules of word-formation of the three Spanish negative prefixes des-,in-and a-,have been explored and summarized.Last but not least,some reflections on how to carry out the teaching of word-formation in class have been put forward.Therefore,we suggest that teachers implement the teaching of word-formation in Spanish through the following four stages,including recognizing the form of morpheme,decomposing morphemes,giving semantics and constructing new words.