阿拉伯亚里士多德学派的哲学思想

The Philosophical Thoughts of the Arab Aristotelian School

公元8世纪中叶,在哈里发博采众长的文化政策下,阿巴斯王朝开展了译介古希腊和东方文化典籍的大规模学术活动。阿拉伯学者受益于翻译运动,从经典科学和哲学著作中汲取营养。他们推崇亚里士多德在自然观和科学观方面的朴素唯物主义和辩证法思想,但仍旧坚持安拉是万物的本源和始因。这些学者以相似的学术观点形成阿拉伯亚里士多德学派,推行以理性阐述教义,用哲学解释自然,完善了以“灵魂流溢说”和“双重真理论”为代表的阿拉伯辩证哲学思想。这种思想发轫于伊斯兰教信仰,力图以不违背宗教信仰为前提,使哲学脱离宗教教义学,变为理性的知识体系。该派哲学家的著作通过西班牙传入欧洲其他国家,对后来的欧洲文艺复兴产生了重要影响。

In the middle of the 8th century,the Abbasid dynasty carried out large-scale academic activities under the multicultural policy of the Caliphate to translate ancient Greek and Eastern cultural classics.Arab scholars had benefited from the translation movement and learned knowledge from classical scientific and philosophical works.They admired Aristotle’s naive materialism and dialectics from the perspective of nature and science,but they still insisted that Allah is the origin and cause of all things.These scholars formed the Arab Aristotelian school with similar academic viewpoints.They insisted on expounding the doctrine with rational thoughts and explaining nature with philosophy,which perfected the dialectical philosophy thought of Arabia represented by the“soul overflow theory”and the“double truth theory”.This kind of philosophical thinking originated from the Islamic faith trying to make philosophy break away from religious doctrine and integrate with natural science so as to become a rational knowledge system on the premise of not violating religious belief.The works of this school of philosophers had introduced into Europe through Spain and played an important role in the later European Renaissance.