中华锐缘蜱的生活史研究(蜱总科:软蜱科)

STUDIES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF ARGAS (CARIOS) SINENSIS JEU ET ZHU (IXODOIDEA : ARGASIDAE)

中华锐缘蜱Argas(Carios)sinensis Jeu et zhu是近年来在我国发现的一个软蜱新种。该种的自然宿主是普通伏翼(家蝠)Pipistrellus abramus Temminck,也可侵袭人体。 对体外寄生虫新种生物学的了解,将有助于与疾病及其防治的研究。为此,我们曾于1973—77年在重庆医学院的实验室内,作了中华锐缘蜱的生活史研究,现将结果报导于后。

Investigation was carried out under the laboratory conditions on the life history of a soft tick, Argas (Carios) sinensis Jeu et zhu in Chungking from 1973 to 1977. observations prove that the biological characteristics of this species are strikingly different from A. (C) vespertilionis (Latreille). It shows that species determination basing upon larval characteristics is reliable. White rats and mice were used as laboratory hosts for this species in larval stage. Nymphs and adults are able to feed on a wider range of vertebrate hots. They feed readily on the author’s skin. The life history of A, (C.) sinensis was found to consist of egg, larva, 2 to 4 instars of nymphs, and adult male or female, The moult of nymph may be divided into the following three types:1) nymphal stage with two instars, after sucking blood twice moulting into adult;2) with three instars, sucking blood thrice, then moulting into adult;3) with four instars, the first nymphal stage did not feed and moulted into the 2nd nymph following a short resting period, then after sucking blood thrice and passing through three instars, moulting into adult. The above three types were produced by the progenies hatching from the eggs laid by the same female. In laboratory at temperature 7-34.5.C. and humidity RH 51-81.2%, the time of development of the three types is different, being the first type the shortest and the third type the longest, overwintering fed nymphs can moult and transform into nymphs or adults. The life history of this species can be completed in 1 - 2 years. this species has the phenomena of "repeated oviposition", "prolonged ovipo-sition" and "delayed repeated oviposition". Female deposited eggs 4-8 batches, each about 14-137, average 55.52. The total eggs laid were 144-423, average 273.20. The number of eggs laid did not depends upon the number of batches of egg-laying. In addition, mating, fertilization, process of egg-laying, analysis of egg, egg hatching, quantity of blood sucking and longevity are recorded and discussed in this paper.