阿尔都塞文本阅读策略及其对马克思艺术生产论的建构

Althusser’s text reading strategy and its construction on Marx’s theory of artistic production

作为西方马克思主义艺术生产论的代表,阿尔都塞以“症候式阅读”不断寻找文本言说的沉默和缺失,探查文本背后的深层结构,科学诠释空白的产生以及“看”的认识机制,实现对“栅栏式阅读”的超越。围绕意识形态与艺术生产,阿尔都塞文本阅读策略旨在暴露意识形态的深层支配机制,穿透意识形态幻象,形成“生产性”的文本阅读和批评模式,铸就了马克思主义诠释学的批判向度。阿尔都塞文本阅读策略推动了“艺术生产”功能从“创作”向“批评”的转换,催生了文艺批评的新范式,使马克思艺术生产论跨出政治经济学视野,进入文学批评领域,彰显自身的价值,同时以“认识的生产”构建“生产性”的文学批评模式,实现批评的知识建构功能,显示批评具有的创造性,成为当代马克思主义文论的新景观,昭示着“艺术生产”在意识形态、审美文化、政治批评等方面迎来更为广阔的发展空间。

As a representative of the Western Marxist theory of artistic production,Althusser constantly seeks for the silence and absence of textual utterances by means of“symptomatic reading”to explore the deep structure behind the text,reasonably interpret the generation of blank and the cognitive mechanism of“seeing”,and achieve the transcendence of“fenced reading”.Focusing on ideology and artistic production,Althusser’s text reading strategy aims to expose the deep domination mechanism of ideology,penetrate the illusion of ideology and form a“productive”mode of text reading and criticism,and form the critical direction of Marxist hermeneutics.Althusser’s text reading strategy can promote the transformation of the function of“art production”from“creation" to“criticism”and it gives birth to a new paradigm of literary criticism,makes Marx’s theory of artistic production step out of the field of political economy and enter the field of literary criticism to highlight its own value.At the same time,it constructs the“productive”literary criticism mode with“cognitive production”,realizes the knowledge construction function of criticism,and shows creativity in criticism and becomes a new landscape of contemporary Marxist literary theory,which declares that“art production”has a broader development space in ideology,aesthetic culture and political criticism.