“一个个的”与“一天天的”负面表达功能的异同及其成因

Differences,Similarities and Causes of Negative Expression Function between“一个个的(yigegede)”and“一天天的(yitiantiande)”

基于语料分析“一个个的”与“一天天的”负面表达功能的异同并结合语义特征、语用原则、认知心理等角度探讨其成因。“一个个的”涉及对象多为“对方群体”,仍有较强的实体指称性;“一天天的”则没有己方/对方、单数/复数的侧重,逐渐与“时间复数义”无太大关系。负面表达功能的成因在于:“一个个的”和“一天天的”具有复数的语义特征,而事物数量超过程度常模容易引起否定评价;礼貌原则下真正的负面义成分被省略,省略规约化后,“一个个的”和“一天天的”逐渐具有语义句法的自足性;“个”和“天”在使用频率、语义功能上相比同类其他单音节量词具有突出特点。二者的功能差异与量词的不同特点有关。

Based on the corpus analysis,the similarities and differences of the negative expression functions of“一个个的(yigegede)”and“一天天的(yitiantiande)”are analyzed,and the causes are discussed from the perspectives of semantic features,pragmatic principles and cognitive psychology.The“一个个的(yigegede)”involved objects are mostly the“other group”,and there is still a strong entity reference;“一天天的(yitiantiande)”has no emphasis on its own side and the other side as well as the singular and the plural,and gradually has little relationship with the meaning of time plural.The causes of negative expression function are as follows:“一个个的(yigegede)”and“一天天的(yitiantiande)”have plural semantic features,and the number of things more than the norm is likely to cause negative evaluation;the real negative components under the politeness principle are omitted,and after the simplification,“一个个的(yigegede)”and“一天天的(yitiantiande)”gradually have semantic and syntactic self-sufficiency;compared with other monosyllabic quantifiers,“个(ge)”and“天(tian)”have prominent characteristics in frequency and semantic function.The functional differences between the two are related to the different characteristics of quantifiers.