“娘”的词义演变与语用发展

Semantic Evolution and Pragmatic Development of“娘(niang)”

“娘”本是专用于女性的称谓语,如今却包含了[±女性]的语义特征。从历时与共时的角度出发,归纳分析当代汉语语料中以“娘”为核心的新兴名词或谓词性结构,认为这些结构:语言形式上,主要表现为提取出实词性成分或构词语素所形成的词语框填以及依靠于习惯性构成形式组成的形式框填;语用功能上,主要具有指称与评价的功能;情感色彩上,经历了称赞女性的褒扬、鄙夷男性的贬损,再到如今女性的自我调侃和对某些男性的善意描述。

“娘(niang)”is originally a appellation for women,but now it contains the semantic features of[±women].From the diachronic and synchronic perspectives,the author of this paper summarizes and analyzes the emerging nouns or predicate structures with“娘(niang)”as the core in contemporary Chinese corpus,and holds that these structures are mainly manifested in the lexical frame filling formed by extracting the substantive components or word-formation morphemes and the formal frame filling formed by relying on habitual forms.Pragmatically,it mainly has the function of reference and evaluation;emotional color,experienced praise women,despise men’s derogation,and then to today’s women’s self-ridicule and some men’s goodwill description.