中国14个连片落后地区要素配置效率与潜在经济增长

Efficiency of Factor Allocation and Potential Economic Growth in 14 Contiguous Backward Regions in China

研究偏远落后地区经济增长对防止返贫、促进乡村振兴和共同富裕具有重要的政治和经济意义。基于资源配置效率的视角,采用中国2006——2016年14个连片落后地区680个县的宏观经济数据,研究中国偏远落后地区要素配置效率与潜在经济增长的关系,通过固定折旧法和教育年限法测算中国14个连片落后地区的实物资本存量、人力资本存量、实际要素配置效率以及理论上的最佳资源配置效率,对比分析实际与潜在产出及增长率。研究发现,中国偏远落后地区的资源配置与最佳资源配置相距甚远,实物资本存量明显过多,而人力资本存量明显相对不足,实际产出与增长率远低于潜在产出与增长率。政策建议是,地方政府应该采取措施,保持固定资产投入与人力资本投入保持适当的协调性,加大教育和人力资本投入,改善资源要素配置结构,不断提高资源要素配置效率,从而有利于促进落后地区经济增长。

The study of economic growth in remote and backward areas is of great political and economic significance to prevent re-poverty,promote rural revitalization and common prosperity.From the perspective of efficiency of resource allocation,this paper studies the relationship between factor allocation efficiency and potential economic growth in China's remote and backward regions by using macroeconomic data of 680 counties in 14 contiguous backward regions from 2006 to 2016.The paper calculates the physical capital stock,human capital stock,actual factor allocation efficiency and theoretical optimal resource allocation efficiency in 14 contiguous backward regions in China through the method of fixed depreciation and of education years,and compares and analyzes the actual and potential output and growth rate.It is found that,in resource allocation,there is a great gap between the actual and the optimal in China's remote and backward regions,that the physical capital stock is obviously too much while the human capital stock is obviously relatively insufficient,and that the actual output and growth rate are far lower than the potential one.The policy suggestion of this paper is that the local government should take measures to maintain the proper coordination between the input of fixed assets and the input of human capital,increase the input of education and human capital,improve the allocation structure of resource factors,and constantly improve the allocation efficiency of resource factors,so as to promote the economic growth of backward areas.