在学问与事功之间——朱轼的礼俗观及实践

Between Learning and Deeds--Zhu Shi's View of Rites and Customs and its Practice

康熙以来,正礼俗、兴教化成为统治者实行社会控制的重要方式。朱轼重视正风俗是对康熙、雍正崇俭黜奢治国方略的回应与贯彻。朱轼对正礼俗的重视还与他崇奉理学的文化价值取向相关。朱轼既认可古礼的价值,又不迷信盲从。他根据时下的境况,对古礼中的名物、仪节、制度加以改造,从而实现古为今用。其还通过对时下礼俗进行批判,从而移风易俗。朱轼在醇化礼俗方面立身作则、不苟同流俗,并对厚风俗的根本途径作了探寻。朱轼阐发礼俗观以及在礼俗方面的实践直接关系社会教化和生民福祉,是十八世纪理学官僚在学问与事功方面的缩影。

Since the reign of Emperor Kangxi,paying attention to rites and customs had become an important way for rulers to govern the country in Qing Dynasty.Zhu Shi attached importance to change customs,which was the response to and implementation of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong's strategy of governing the country with the principle of thrift.Besides,it's also related to his believing in New-Confucianism.Zhu Shi recognized the value of ancient rites while he did not blindly follow them.On the one hand,he reformed the name,etiquette and system in the ancient rites and made them serve the present;on the other hand,he criticized the contemporary rites and customs for changing them.Zhu Shi's view of rites and customs and its practice affected social education and the well-being of the people.In some sense,he was a typical New-Confucianist official who lied between learning and deeds in the 18th century.