烟蚜茧蜂生物学及其应用研究

The Bionomics of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead and Its Utilization For the Control of Tobacco Aphid Myzus Persicae Sulzer

本文系1975—78年在云南玉溪烟区进行的研究结果。烟蚜茧蜂在玉溪终年可以找到寄主产卵寄生,没有越冬滞育现象。发育周期长短与温度有明显关系,25—27℃,一代厉期为9—13天,其中卵期1—2天,幼虫期4—5天,预蛹期1—2天,蛹期3—4天。成虫饲喂糖液,寿命7,8天,最长11天。冬季温低(15℃),寿命较长,平均13.6天,最长40天。雌蜂羽化后可立即交配产卵寄生,产卵1,2天后进入高峰期,产卵高峰期一般3—4天。产卵期较长,在整个成虫期均可产卵寄生。每雌蜂在供给过量寄主时(每日50头成蚜),一生平均产卵量为189.4粒,日平均为24.7粒。寄生蚜虫数为127.6头,每蜂平均在每头寄主蚜虫体内产卵1.5粒。 利用简易薄膜温室饲养蚜虫繁蜂,简便易行。田间散放防治示范试验结果表明,在烤烟生长期,连续释放烟蚜茧蜂可有效地控制烟蚜的发生在防治水平以下。其效果比喷施45%乐果乳剂1000倍液优越。

The tobacco aphid or peach aphid is the major insect pest of tobacco in Yunnan.The present paper deals with life cycle,habits and reproductive capacity of the braconid parasite of aphid (Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead).This parasite completes its life cycle in the laboratory at 25-27℃ between 9-13 days,in which the egg stage 1-2 days,the larval stage 4-5 days,the prepupal stage 1-2 days,and pupal stage 3-4 days.The longevity of adult fed with honey is 9 days.The average number of parasitized aphid was found to be about 127.6 by one female.The number of matural eggs in the ovary is with and average of 169.9,max.433.Liberation of the indigenous braconid parasite of aphid to control the tobacco aphid was proved to be highly effective through the laboratory and field experiments during 1976-1977 in Yuxi.In oder to determine the result of control,about 120,000 of braconid parasite of aphid have been released in 20 Mu of tobacco field in 1978.The result of field test showed that the percentage of parasitization was obviously increased from 0-95%,whereas that the population density of aphid decreased to lower levels after the liberation from 34.3 to 0.1 (average) per plant,and that for the control,the percentage of parasitization was gradully increased from 0.1 to 38.8.Whereas that the population density of the aphid obviously increased,from 33.2-51.2 average per plant,(maximum 440.5).The result was much better than the spraying of the poison,Roger,at a dilution of 1:1000.The mass rear of the Aphidius gifuensis Schmead has been reproted.