从简、帛《五行》看《荀子·不苟》篇之“独”--兼论荀子与思孟的思想关系

A Research on the Thoughts of“Du”in Xunzi Bugou Based on the“Five Elements”Texts of the Excavated Slips and Silk Manuscripts:A Comparison Between the Thoughts of Xunzi and Zisi-Mencius

《荀子·不苟》篇“养心”章具有明显的思孟化理论倾向。具体到对“独”的认识,它与简、帛《五行》有两点相同,即都认为作为实体的“独”专指纯粹以仁义为内容的道德心,作为工夫的“独”是指养成此道德心的专一工夫。在此基础上,荀子又创造性地发展出“独”的第三层意涵,即作为此道德心之流行和展开的社会政治实践。此外,在对“养心”进路的分析、对“善”“德”及其相互关系的理解、对“君子”的定位、对“轻”“形”等概念的界定上,“养心”章与简、帛《五行》也存在理论相通之处。

The thoughts revealed in the“Cultivation of Hearts”chapter of Xunzi Bugou are strongly influenced by the thoughts of Zisi-Mencius.As with the thought of“Du”,it shares two points of similarity with the“Five Elements”texts of the excavated slips and silk manuscripts:as an entity,“Du”refers to a moral heart with pure benevolence;as a practice,it refers to the sole concentrated action of developing this moral heart.On this basis,Xunzi creatively developed the third meaning of“Du”,which is the political practice as the unfolding of this moral heart.In addition,in the analysis of the approach of“Cultivation of Hearts”,the understanding of“Goodness”,“Virtue”and their interrelations,the positioning of“Jun-Zi”,and the definition of concepts such as“Qing”and“Xing”,there are also theoretical similarities between the chapter“Cultivation of Hearts”and the the“Five Elements”texts of the excavated slips and silk manuscripts.