政府信息公开中的个人隐私保护:基于重大突发公共卫生事件情境的研究

Personal Information Protection in Government Information Disclosure: In the Context of Major Public Health Emergency

在重大突发事件情境下政府信息公开和个人信息保护之间可能存在矛盾。针对这一问题,本研究基于“隐私的情境性完整”理论对新冠疫情期间我国45个地方政府公布的流调报告及与之相关的公众评论进行了内容分析。研究发现,个人信息的公共价值、个人敏感性及其与情境之间的相关性,是政府进行隐私情境性完整判断的核心;不同城市政府公开个人信息的详略程度存在明显差异,且随着疫情防控阶段的变化而变化;信息受众是个人信息公开情境的重要组成部分;受情境因素影响,信息主体对个人信息公开风险的感知和隐私保护意愿较弱。在此基础上,构建了个人信息公开的情境因素理论模型,进一步丰富了隐私的情境性完整理论;并提出了面向重大突发公共事件的个人信息公开分类框架,以期为政府公开个人信息提供指导与借鉴。

In order to reveal the contextual factors of personal information disclosure(PID) in major emergencies, this study adopted the theory of “privacy as contextual integrity” to guide a content analysis of the Epidemiological Investigation Reports(EIR) publicized by 45 Chinese local governments during the period of COVID-19. The research findings include:(1) the public value and personal sensitivity of personal information and its correlation with the context are core basis for judging the contextual integrity in information disclosure;(2) the degree of PID is related to some contextual factors, such as the development of epidemic situation and the privacy awareness of local governments;(3) legal environment and cultural norms impact information subjects’ perception of PID risks and intention of personal information protection.(4) Information audience is a part of the context of PID. On these bases, a theoretical model of contextual factors in PID is constructed, and classification framework for PID in major public emergency is also built and expected to guide the practice of government information disclosure.