2011-2020年河北省肾综合征出血热流行特征及宿主动物监测分析

Epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and surveillance of host animals in Hebei Province,2011-2020

目的分析2011-2020年河北省肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行特征及宿主动物监测数据,为防控工作提供依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法分析2011-2020年河北省HFRS病例及宿主动物监测资料。结果2011-2020年河北省共报告HFRS病例6357例,年平均发病率为0.88/10万;死亡17例,病死率为0.27%。河北省HFRS病例主要集中在秦皇岛、唐山、承德市,占病例报告总数的88.91%。病例呈现出“双峰型”分布,3-5月为发病大高峰,11-12月为小高峰;男女比例为2.36∶1,60~70岁年龄组发病率最高;HFRS病例以农民居多;居民区鼠密度及鼠带毒率均高于野外,2011-2020年鼠密度较平稳,鼠带毒率整体呈下降趋势。不同地区鼠带毒率与人群发病率呈正相关(r=0.972,P<0.01)。结论河北省HFRS疫情在2013年达近10年发病高峰,整体呈现下降态势并趋于平稳,地理分布广泛又相对集中,应加强重点地区病例及宿主动物监测,落实防鼠灭鼠及免疫接种工作。

This study analyzed the epidemic charactertics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)and host animal surveillance data in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2020,to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFRS.Descriptive epidemiology methods were used to analyze the data on HFRS cases and host animal surveillance.A total of 6357 cases of HFRS were reported,with an average annual incidence of 0.88 per 100000 in Hebei Province from 2011 to 2020.A total of 17 deaths occurred,and the average annual fatality rate was 0.27%.The HFRS cases were concentrated in Qinhuangdao,Tangshan and Chengde City,accounting for 88.91%.Cases showed a bimodal distribution and peaked from March to May.The ratio of males to females was 2.36∶1.Most cases of HFRS were in farmers,and people 60-70 years of age had the highest incidence rate.The rat density and viral carriage rate in residential areas were higher than those in the field.The rat density was relatively stable,and the viral carriage rate showed a downward trend from 2011 to 2020.The viral carriage rate in different regions positively correlated with the incidence rate of HFRS(r=0.972,P<0.01).The epidemic situation of HFRS showed a downward trend overall but a small peak in 2013.The surveillance of cases and host animals in high-risk regions should be strengthened,and decreasing rodent density and implementing vaccination programs should be prioritized in key areas.