《民法典》人格权编的立法特色、制度缺失及未来展望

Legislative features,system deficiency and future prospects ofthe personality rights part to China’s Civil Code

人格权编作为权利法特色鲜明,确认落实人格尊严自由的价值理念,构建起相对完整的人格权体系,全面一体地保护人格精神利益与财产利益,系统规定了人格权请求权这一新型绝对权保护方式。但在规则的自足性操作性、具体人格权益与所属权利的匹配度、新技术挑战的立法回应、人格财产利益概括保护、损害赔偿制度多样性等方面存在缺失。后民法典时代,面对人格权编内在制度不足以及复杂的不断变迁的社会实践,应兼采法典解释与典外立法,以现有制度细化、具体人格权益独立及新型人格权法定化为核心,持续改进完善。

The part of personality rights in China’s Civil Code,as a right law with distinctive features,confirms the value of the personality dignity and freedom,builds a relatively complete system of personality rights,protects the spiritual and property interests of personality in a comprehensive and integrated manner,and provides the claim of personality as a new type of protection to absolute right.However,there are deficiencies in the self-sufficiency of the rules,the matching of specific personality interests and the rights,the legislative response to the challenges of new technology,the general protection of personality property interests,and the diversity of damage compensation systems.In the post-civil-code era,facing the defects of its own internal system and constantly changing complex social practices,both interpretive theory of civil code and legislative theory outside civil code should be taken account of in order to develop and improve,focusing on the refinement of existing systems,the independence of specific personality rights and interests and the legalization of new personality rights.