金丝猴某些骨骼的功能形态学研究

STUDY ON THE FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF SOME BONES OF RHINOPITHECUS

根据形态学测量方法,本文对三种金丝猴与运动有关的一些骨骼进行了研究。从形态与功能统一的观点讨论了金丝猴的运动类型。

This paper deals with the functional morphology of some bones of the extremities in three species of Rhinopithecus,R.roxellanae,R.bieti and R.brelichi.Some of the conventional measuring techniques adopted by other different authors are used in this study.The results from the investigations are summed as follows.The clavicles of Rhinopithecus have 1 ventral convex curve and cross-sections of this bone are oval.In percentage of the trunk length the clavicular length averages between 18 and 19,while in rhesus monkey that is 15 as indicated in table 1.Thus the relative length of the clavicles of the snub-nosed monkeys is longer than that of rhesus monkey,but shorter than that of hominoids.The scapular indexes are strikingly larger than that of rhesus monkey and close tothat of gibbon.The bar-glenoid angles of Rhinopithecus are smaller than those of rhesus monkey and larger than those of gibbon.The direction of the glenoids in the golden monkey,therefore,is observably more cranial than that of Macaco mulatta.The snub-nosed monkeys have relatively slend,round,and straight long limb bones.The humeral caliber indexes of golden monkeys are smaller than that of rhesus monkey,but larger than that of gibbon.The cross-sectional indexes of the humeral shaft of golden monkeys are larger than those of rhesus monkey,but smaller than those of gibbon.The torsional angles of the hume-rus in the snub-nosed monkeys lie between rhesus monkey and giobon.According to 9 measuring values of the humeral distal end most of which lie between those of rhesus monkey and gibbon,too.All of them are showed in table 3.The curvature of the proximal phalanges of the fingers in golden monkeys is larger when compared with rhesus monkey(as seen in table 5 and figure 2).The pisiform bones exhibit trochlcar form.The intermembral indexes of golden monkeys fluctuate between 93.9 and 97.0 and they are larger than that of rhesus monkey,but smaller than that of gibbon.The snub-nosed monkeys possess rather broad pelvic plates and acetabular arc ratio of over 0.8.The femoral cevico-diaphyseal angle is 124°in R.roxellanae,127°in R.brelichi and 125°in R.bieti,whereas,in rhesus monkey and gibbon is 120°and 133°,respectively.What has been said above,based on the morphologically measuring comparison of some bones of the extremities in golden monkeys with those of other forms,it indicates that many morphological characteristics of these bones in Rhinopithecus have been changed.Thus they would belong to semi-brachiation category of Old World monkeys in the locomotor type.