小鼠急性放射性膀胱损伤模型建立的实验研究

An experimental study on the establishment of a mouse model of acute radiation-induced bladder injury

目的探讨小鼠急性放射性膀胱损伤(ARC)模型的建立方法.方法将24只雌性ICR小鼠分为4组各6只,采用X射线辐照仪单次盆腔局部照射,照射剂量分别为0、10、20和30Gy.照射后观察各组小鼠摄食、进水量、体质量和存活率,通过排尿行为模式研究检测小鼠膀胱功能;1周后处死,光镜下观察膀胱组织病理学改变.结果0Gy组小鼠进食、饮水量和自主活动均正常,体质量增加;1周后所有小鼠均存活,膀胱未见明显新生血管,光镜下见膀胱黏膜细胞层次清晰,黏膜下无水肿,无出血.10Gy组小鼠进食、饮水量下降不明显,体质量无明显变化,排尿频率未见明显增加;1周后所有小鼠均存活,膀胱未见明显新生血管,病理切片未见膀胱黏膜明显缺失,黏膜下层见轻度水肿.20Gy组照射后,小鼠摄食饮水量减少、体质量下降,排尿频率明显增加;1周后仅有5只小鼠存活,膀胱可见少量新生血管,光镜下观察可见膀胱部分黏膜脱落,黏膜下层水肿明显,部分区域见少量散在出血点.30Gy组小鼠进食、饮水量明显下降,排尿频率明显增加;1周后仅有3只小鼠存活,膀胱见较多新生血管,病理切片可见膀胱黏膜坏死脱落,黏膜下层水肿明显,并可见较多出血点.结论采用X射线辐照仪单次盆腔局部照射20Gy能成功诱导小鼠ARC,该模型能较准确地反映放射性膀胱损伤的临床特征及病理特征,可用于后续相关的实验研究.

Objective To explore the establishment of the mouse model of acute radiation-induced bladder injury.Methods A total of 24 female ICR mice were divided into 4 groups, 6 mice in each group, and were irradiated by X-ray irradiator in a single pelvic region, and the irradiation doses were 0, 10, 20 and 30 Gy, respectively.After irradiation, the food and water intake, body weight and survival rate of the mice in each group were observed.The bladder function of the mice was detected by the study of urination behavior patterns.The mice were sacrificed 1 week later, and the pathological changes of the bladder were observed under the microscope.Results The 0 Gy group mice had normal food intake, water intake and voluntary activities, and their body weight increased.All mice survived after 1 week.No obvious neovascularization and bleeding was found in the bladder.In the 10 Gy group, the consumption of food and water did not decrease significantly, the body weight did not change significantly, and the frequency of urination did not increase significantly.After 1 week, all mice survived, no obvious neovascularization was found in the bladder, and no obvious absence of bladder mucosa was found in pathological sections.Mild edema was seen in the lower layer.After irradiation in the 20 Gy group, the food and water intake of the mice decreased, the body weight decreased, and the frequency of urination increased significantly.After 1 week, only 5 mice survived, and a small amount of new blood vessels could be seen in the bladder.Under the light microscope, part of the bladder mucosa shows obvious detached, and the submucosa shows obvious edema.Obviously, a small amount of scattered bleeding spots were seen in some areas.The amount of food and water intake in the 30 Gy group decreased significantly, and the frequency of urination increased significantly.After 1 week, only 3 mice survived.Many new blood vessels were seen in the bladder.Pathological sections showed that the bladder mucosa was necrotic and exfoliated, and the submucosal edema was obvious.Conclusion A single pelvic local irradiation of 20 Gy by X-ray irradiator can successfully induce acute radiation-induced bladder injury in mice.This model can accurately reflect the clinical and pathological characteristics of radiation-induced bladder injury, and can be used for subsequent related experimental studies.