用于爆炸辐射电磁脉冲时域测量的集成光波导电场传感器研制

Research and development of an integrated optical waveguide sensor for measurement of the explosive radiation electromagnetic pulse

针对爆炸辐射电磁脉冲(EMP)上升沿快、脉宽窄、峰值场强高等特点,设计并研制出一种集成光波导宽带电场传感器。使用标准雷电电磁脉冲(LEMP)对研制的传感器进行时域标定得出,传感器能够不失真地测量出LEMP的时域波形,且最小和最大可测电场分别约为1.4和10.8 kV/m;使用连续波电场对传感器进行频域标定得出,传感器最小可测电场为52.5 mV/m,且在9 kHz~1 GHz响应波动在±4 dB以内。最后在国内某试验基地搭建了基于研制的光波导电场传感器的爆炸辐射EMP现场测试系统,分别对距爆炸点不同距离处的辐射EMP进行时域测量。结果表明,爆炸辐射EMP的产生滞后爆炸发生约几毫秒;辐射EMP为一系列双极性脉冲组成的脉冲串,单个脉冲宽度在100μs以内,脉冲串宽度在2 ms以内,频率在17.5~35 kHz;在距离爆炸物5 m以内的爆炸辐射EMP峰值场强在5~10 kV/m。本文研制的光波导电场传感器具有全无源、宽带宽、对被测电场干扰小、体积小、强抗电磁干扰等特点,为爆炸辐射EMP的时域测量提供了一种新的技术手段。

For measuring the explosive radiation electromagnetic pulse(EMP) with fast rise time, narrow pulse width and intense field strength, an integrated optical waveguide electric field sensor is designed and developed. The sensor detected waveform of the applied lightning EMP in the time domain shows almost without distortion in comparison with the original voltage waveform. The minimum and maximum measurable electric fields in time domain are 1.4 and 10.8 kV/m, and the minimum measurable electric fields in the frequency domain is 52.5 mV/m. The response fluctuation is within ±4 dB in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 1 GHz. Finally, the in-situ testing system of explosive EMP has been setup based on the developed optical waveguide electric field sensor. The radiation EMP at different distance from the explosion place has been measured in the time domain. Results show that the radiation EMP is generated after the explosion for about several milliseconds. The radiation EMP is a series of bipolar pulse train, the width of a single pulse is less than 100 μs, the width of the pulse train is less than 2 ms, and the frequency range is 17.5~35 kHz. The EMP field intensity within 5 m from the explosive is about 5~10 kV/m. The developed sensor has characteristics of full passive, wide bandwidth, negligible field interference, small volume, and good electromagnetic immunity, which provides a new technique for measurement of the explosive radiation EMP.