哈尔滨市中小学生心理健康现状调查

Investigation and analysis of mental health status of primary and middle school students in Harbin

目的 了解和掌握哈尔滨市(区)、县中小学生心理健康水平,为中小学校开展心理卫生健康服务提供实证依据。方法 采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取哈尔滨市2个区、县所在8所学校2 050名学生进行小学生心理健康评定量表和中学生SCL-90精神症状自评量表问卷调查。结果 回收有效问卷小学生651份,初高中生1 358份,有效率为98.00%。小学生心理卫生问题总检出率为1.69%,中学生心理SCL-90总检出率为33.87%。小学生的心理卫生问题主要集中在行为障碍、情绪障碍、性格缺陷3个方面;中学生症状自评量表SCL-90主要集中在强迫症状、敌对性、人际关系敏感3个方面。结论 哈尔滨市中小学生心理健康水平一般,应更多关注城区四年级独生子女的男小学生和城区职高非独生子女的女中学生。

Objective This paper aims to understand and master the mental health level of primary and middle school students in Harbin, so as to provide empirical basis for primary and middle schools to carry out mental health services.Methods Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, 8 schools were selected in 2 districts and counties of Harbin. A total of 670 primary school students and 1380 middle school students were investigated with the mental health assessment scale for primary school students and SCL-90.Results 651 valid questionnaires were collected from primary schools and 1 358 from junior and senior high schools, with an effective rate of 98.00%. The total detection rate of mental health problems in primary school students was 1.69%, and the total detection rate of SCL-90 in middle school students was 33.87%;The mental health problems of primary school students mainly focus on behavior disorder, emotional disorder and personality defect. The symptom checklist SCL-90 for middle school students mainly focuses on obsessive-compulsive symptoms, hostility and interpersonal sensitivity. Conclusion The mental health level of primary and middle school students in Harbin is at the average level. More attention is supposed to be paid to the male primary school students with only one child in grade 4 in urban areas and the female secondary school students with sibling in urban vocational schools.