汉语史视角下粤方言疑难字的考释方法——以清代粤剧疑难字为例

Methods of Recognizing Difficult Characters in Cantonese from the Perspective of Chinese history——Taking the Difficult Characters of Cantonese Opera in the Qing Dynasty as an Example

清代粤剧中的疑难字考释,需要将汉语史与方言学的知识相结合,将共性的考释原则与粤方言个体特色相联系,从“形、音、义”三个角度综合进行。利用字形时,考虑共时字形材料和变换部件;利用方音时,联系语音底层、外语接触、破除假借与分合音问题;利用字义时,注意语义的细微区别。

This paper attempts to combine the knowledge of Chinese history and dialectology,link the common interpretation principles with the individual characteristics of Cantonese,and examine the diffi cult characters in Cantonese opera in the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of“shape,sound and meaning”.When the reader is faced with an unfamiliar dialectal word,he can try the following methods to interpret it:when using glyphs,consider synchronic glyph materials and transforming parts;when using dialects,make a connection to the bottom layer of phonetics and foreign languages,and get rid of the problems of phony borrowing and conjugation;when using the meaning of words,pay attention to their distinction.