Positron Emission Tomography Molecular Imaging for Phenotyping and Management of Lymphoma

Positron emission tomography(PET)represents molecular imaging for non-invasive phenotyping of physiological and biochemical processes in various oncological diseases.PET imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG)for glucose metabolism evaluation is the standard imaging modality for the clinical management of lymphoma.One of the 18F-FDG PET applications is the detection and pre-treatment staging of lymphoma,which is highly sensitive.18F-FDG PET is also applied during treatment to evaluate the individual chemo-sensitivity and accordingly guide the response-adapted therapy.At the end of the therapy regiment,a negative PET scan is indicative of a good prognosis in patients with advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Thus,adjuvant radiotherapy may be alleviated.Future PET studies using non-18F-FDG radiotracers,such as 68Ga-labeled pentixafor(a cyclic pentapeptide that enables sensitive and high-contrast imaging of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4),68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor(FAPI)that reflects the tumor microenvironment,and 89Zr-labeled atezolizumab that targets the programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1),may complement 18F-FDG and offer essential tools to decode lymphoma phenotypes further and identify the mechanisms of lymphoma therapy.