新疆食蝗鸟类的初步研究

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON LOCUST-EATING BIRDS IN XINJIANG

新疆是我国主要畜牧业生产基地之一,全区拥有90余万平方公里的天然草场,约占全国草场面积四分之一,仅次于内蒙,居全国第二位。但这富饶辽阔的草原,蝗害严重,蝗虫种类达150多种。新中国成立后,党和人民政府十分重视治蝗工作,据新疆治蝗灭鼠指挥部的资料,1953—1984年,全区累计治蝗面积达5000多万亩,其中飞机治蝗1460多万亩,为发展新疆畜牧业生产起到了十分重要的作用。虽然如此,由于单一化学防治,人们已经看到生态学上的弊端及伴随而来的严重后果,为此,哈巴河、昌吉等县已把草原养鸡和惊鸟的招引作为防治蝗害的重要措施。

From 1981 to 1985, We studed on locust-eating birds in Xinjiang. A total of 231 species and 23 subspecies and 1354 stomachs have collected. Among them, 56 species and 1 subspecies have been ascertained to be locust-eating birds. Adding to birds reported, there are 87 species and 2 subspecies all together. About one forth of all birds known in Xinjiang is locust-eating birds. Among the locust-eating birds, 15 species are important locust-eating birds. They are: Alauda arvensis duleivox Hume, Sturnus roseus (Linne), Pica pica bactriana Bonaparte, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Linne), Corvus frugilegus frugilegus Linne, Corvus monedula monedula linne, Corpus corone orientalis Eversmann, Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linne), Saxicola torquata maura (Pallas), Oenanthe isabellina (Cretzschmar), Oenanthe hispanica pleschanka (Lepechin), Turdus viscivorus bonapartei Cabanis, Emberiza leucocephala Gmelin, Emberiza hortulana Linne, Emberiza buchanani neobscura Paynter.