梅花鹿的繁殖性能及数量遗传的研究

STUDIES ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE OF SIKA DEER

鹿茸是珍贵的滋补药品,鹿肉是低脂高蛋白肉食品。如能提高鹿的繁殖力和体重,就能提高鹿茸和鹿肉的产量。本文是对东北梅花鹿(Cervus nippon hortulorum模式亚种)在四川的繁殖性能和数量遗传的研究。材料和方法本研究易规湖襄县康197-1070年的生产和造种记录以及1963-1971年、1977-1983年间的部份资料,运用生物统计学和魏计速传学的原现及有关公式,估调梅花鹿主窦经济性状的表烈参敷和遭传参教及速祥效果。

This paper deals with the studies from 1963 to 1983 on reproductive performance,quantitative inheritance,and application of Sika deer(Cerwus nippon Temminck)in Sichuan.The male’s sexual organ will not be completely mature until two years old.The period from 3 to 8 years old is the optimum time to breed.There are no mature sperms in epididymis during diocstrus.The testicular weight during the oestrus is 68.1%heavier than that during non-oestrus period.When a female mates at 1.5 years old,the rate of pregnancy is about 80%-92.09%.The average oestrous cycle is 18±1 days,the oestrus 1-2 days,and the gestation period 225±1.5 days.The relationship between age and antler yield has been studied.The result shows that the coefficient of correlation is positive before 7 years old,and it is negative afterwards,The regression equation is y=0.0047x3-0.1569x2+1.5362x-1.4625.The relationship between body weight and antler yield has been also studied.The results show that the coefficient of correlation is positive,being 0.0094 to a two-branchyield and 0.0220 to a thrcc-branch-yield.The coefficient of correlation between the meat amout and body weight is also positive,The dressing percentage is 54.67±1.51%.The heritability of antler yield is 0.35,the average value is 0.66 for sib,and the highest one is 0.79.For the average value of heritabilities of body weight is 0.62,male 0.58 and female 0.66,respectively.For the breeding value,the weight of a 3-branch antler is 3.390-3.950kg and the weight of a 2-branch antler 1.50-1.85 kg,male 125.35 kg and female 82.84 kg,respectively,in body weight.The breeding value of antler yield,which is estimated from the heritabi lities,is consistent with observed value of F1 by the x2-test,the fitness being 0.80-0.95.The coeffiecient of correlation betneen antler yield and body weight is 0.999.According to their breeding values,it needs two generations and one generation(three years)to attain the breeding index respectively For the breeding values of the highlyyielded males of F1,the weights are 3.46-3.64 kg fora 3-branch antler and 1.56-2.37 kg fora 2-branch antler.The synthetical selection indexes of the antler(P1)and body weight(P2)are found as follows:3-branch antler of an adult male is:Ⅰ=20.88P1+0.34P2,2-branch antler of an adult male:Ⅰ=48.88P1+0.34P2 and 2-branch antler of a young male:Ⅰ=40.68P1+0.34P2.