中国赫坎按蚊类群的六种按蚊的杂交和染色体的观察

HYBRIDIZATION AND CHROMOSOME OBSERVATIONS ON SIX SPECIES OF THE ANOPHELES HYRCANUS GROUP IN CHINA(DIPTERA.CULICIDAE)

本文报告了赫坎按蚊类群中的中华按蚊(ASS)、长浮按蚊(ACF)、嗜人按蚊(AAP)、大窄按蚊(ADZ)、小宽按蚊(AXK)以及四川的八代按蚊(AYS)与辽宁的AYL品系的杂交和唾腺染色体的观察。结果表明,中华按蚊和长浮按蚊,嗜人按蚊和大窄按蚊之间不存在生殖隔离。因此,长浮按蚊和大窄按蚊可能不是独立的物种:小宽按蚊和四川的八代按蚊不存在生殖隔离;小宽按蚊和辽宁的AYL品系以及AYL品系和四川的八代按蚊却存在生殖隔离。因此,AYL品系可能为新种,而小宽按蚊新种能否成立,有待进一步研究。

Crossing experiments among 6 species and one strain dividing 5 crossing groups of Anopheles hyrcanus group were carried out by induced copulation.The 6 species and one strain are Anopheles sinensis(ASS),An.chanfus(ACF),An.anthropophagus(AAP),An.dazhaius(ADZ),An.yatsushiroensis(AYS)from Sichuan province,An.siaukuanus(AXK)and AYL strain from Liaoning province,and 5 crossing groups are ASS×ACF,AAP×AZD,AXK×AYS,AXK×AYL,AYS×AYL,respectively.The contents of the observation were:1.The fertility of both sexes of F_(1)hybrid)2.The synapsis of the salivary gland chromosomes of F_(1)hybrid or not;3.The developmental state of the reproductive systems of both rexes;4.The mean frequency of the clasper movement of the males under inducing copulation.The fertility test indicated that both sexes of the hybrids from ASS×ACF,AAP×ADZ and F_(1)hybrids backcrossed with parents were fully fertile.The chromosomes of F_(1)hybrids showed complete synapsis.The developmental state of the reproductive systems were normal.The frequencyies of clasper movements of ASS and ACF,AAP and ADZ were not significaht(P>0.05).So there did not exist the reproductive isolation between sinensis and changfus,anthropophagus and dazhaius.Thus,An.changfus and An.dazhaius may not be the independent species.Results from crossing between AXK×AYS,AXK×AYL and AYL×AYS showed that the first group was not reproductive isolated,while the latter two were reproductive isolated.Acceding to the morphological characters,Anopheles xiaokuanus(AXK)is similar to An.yatsushiroensis from Sichuan province(AYS).AYL strain from Liaoning province,however,is different from above two species in characters.It is,therefore,open to question whether An.xiaokuanus can be established as new species.