金丝猴分类及系统发育关系

THE CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOCENY OF SNUB-NOSED MONKEY(RHINOPITHECUS SPP.)BASED ON GROSS MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

本文对金丝猴的99项形态学特征的研究结果表明:川、滇、黔金丝猴应为三个独立的种;根据我国的地质变迁推测,川、滇金丝猴间分离最早,其次是川、黔金丝猴,最后是滇、黔金丝猴;由于特殊的生态环境,滇金丝猴是属中进化较完善者,而黔金丝猴是最原始者;至于分布在阿萨姆和上缅甸的金丝猴,如果存在,很可能是一个新种或属于滇金丝猴的一个新亚种。

This paper carries on comparative research on gross morphological characters of snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellanae,R.bieti and R.brelichi)(see Table).This is because the classification of Rhinopithccus especially those populations specially distributing in China had been controverting the problem for about fifty years among Systematics and primatologists.After the comparation,we suggest the following chief conclusions:1.The China snub-nosed monkeys may be divided in to three species.2.The divergence between roxllanae and bieti are the earliest,then between roxellanae and brelichi and the latest appeared between bieti and brelichi.Because the proximate value of the isolate time among three species arc much less than 2.5×10^(6) years.Although the isolate time between them are different,it is possible that they belong to"semispccies"instead of complete species,and to recent species possessing short story as the circumstance exhibited by various species in Macaca.3.Bieti is the most advanced species which seems to represent the basic evolutionary way of this genus.While brelichi is more primitive than bieti.4.We think that the ancestor of bieti had given rise to roxellanae and brelichi,resembling to second model of speciatiori shown by Horton(1973).According to the models of speciation,bieti seems to be similar to second model(B)proposed by White(1968)-"stasipatric speciation"while roxellanae and brelichi can belong to allopatric modle of the speciation.5.It seems that the model figure of the phylogenelic relationships among the various species in the genus is found(see fig 2).6.According to AH(1953)and Grzimek(1975),if other snub-nosed monkey inhabit in Assam area of India and Upper Burma,it is possible that they are the form relative to bieli or a new species.Because of body size,the structure of hand and feet,slender long digit and hair color of juvanile(Thomas,1928),it follows that we postulate that they are possible the most primitive speciea jin.this genus,which occupy an intermediate position between Pygathrix and Rhinopithecus.