幼儿家长健康养育效能感现状

On the Current Status of Health-related Parenting Efficacy of Preschoolers’ Parents

年幼儿童的健康依赖成人的照料,幼儿家长需要积极承担健康育儿职责。健康养育效能感是影响家长健康养育行为的重要因素。本研究利用自编问卷对834名幼儿家长进行调查,结果发现家长的健康养育效能感整体较高,但在健康促进和心理健康领域效能感较低,尤其是约半数的家长表示没有信心经常在孩子面前控制自己的情绪。潜在剖面分析发现,家长的健康养育效能感可以分为“效能感不足”“效能感一般”“效能感较高”三种类别,分别占整体样本的23%、43%和34%。差异性分析发现,中低家庭收入的家长、未受过高等教育的家长、工农职业和未就业家长的健康养育效能感较低,年轻家长和女性家长在部分子维度上效能感也较低。当前家长健康养育效能感促进工作应以健康促进和心理健康为主要内容,以低社会经济地位的家长为重点关注对象,从物质、专业和情感三方面构建支持体系。

Parents’ health-related parenting behaviors, affected by their health-related parenting efficacy, are related to children’s health and all-round development. In this study, a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 834 parents of young children in Jiangsu Province. The findings demonstrated that parents’ overall health-related parenting efficacy was moderately high, while low in terms of health fields such as health promotion and mental health. Latent profile analysis showed that there were three types of health-related parenting efficacy,namely the“low efficacy”(23%),“average efficacy”(43%) and“high efficacy”(34%). The difference analysis showed that parents without high household income or education level or occupation position had lower efficacy,and younger and female parents had lower efficacy in partial subdimension as well. It’s suggested that health promotion and mental health should be highlighted in the promotion work. Meanwhile,special attention should be given to parents with low socioeconomic status,and a support system focusing on material,professional and emotional aspects should be built.