网络保护未成年人模式:立法跃升、理念优化与困境突破

On the Minor Mode of Network Protection:Legislation Improvement,Idea Optimization and Difficulties Overcoming

网络保护未成年人模式并不只是防沉迷系统在游戏或短视频领域的运用,2020年《未成年人保护法》修订后,未成年人模式提升了立法规制层次,强化了法律责任和执行机制,其设置目的从防沉迷扩张为对未成年人权利的全面保护。未成年人模式提供义务具有普遍性,所有涉及未成年人使用的网络产品和服务提供者均有可能承担这一义务。对于未成年人模式的发展理念,应当从消极地保障未成年人权利向积极地以服务未成年人为中心扩展。解决未成年人模式的当前困境,需要以“易用、稳定、显著”的技术要求保障未成年人模式的可靠性,以反成瘾措施加强未成年人模式的有效性,加强未成年人专属内容池建设,激发企业、行业协会、政府、司法机关、家长和未成年人等多元主体的责任意识,并让未成年人参与到网络保护未成年人模式的设计运行之中。

After the revision of the Law on Protection of Minors in 2020,the minor protection mode has raised its level in legislation regulation,legal obligation as well as enforcement mechanism,and the goal of the law is transformed from guarding against network obsession to an overall protection of minors.The legal obligations of minors’provision is universal which covering all network products provisions for minors.The idea of minor protection should change from passive protection minors’rights to active service provisions to minors.Easy,stable and remarkable technology and products are needed to overcome the difficulties in minor mode,to enhance the effect of minor mode against obsession,and to build up the exclusive contents pool for minors.Enterprises,industry associations,governments,judicial organs,parents and minors are all the subjects in promoting the healthy development of minor protection network mode.