罗尔斯对马克思共产主义社会思想的三重误解

Three Misunderstandings of Rawls about Marx’s Communist Society Thought

罗尔斯将共产主义理解为一个超越正义的社会,这一观点体现出他对马克思共产主义社会思想的三重误解:一、罗尔斯基于“正义即分配正义”这一教条式观念,提出分配正义是构建现代社会的首要原则,不以分配正义为原则的共产主义社会超越了正义;二、罗尔斯受物权逻辑的先行定向,提出私有财产权是维持社会正义的基本权利,不以私有财产权为核心的共产主义社会无法维持社会正义;三、罗尔斯以“原子化个体”的抽象人性观为标准,提出正义感是正义制度得以运行的人性保障,不以正义感为前提的共产主义社会是不值得欲求的。澄清罗尔斯对马克思共产主义社会思想的误解,对于深化马克思政治哲学思想研究具有根本性意义。

Rawls thinks that Communism is a society beyond justice.This view shows three misunderstandings of Marx’s Communist society thought:1.Based on the dogmatic concept of“justice is distributive justice”,Rawls puts forward that distributive justice is the primary principle of building a modern society,and the Communist society that does not take distributive justice as the principle transcends justice;2.Rawls is guided by the logic of real right and puts forward that private property right is the basic right to maintain social justice.The Communist society without private property right as the core principle can not maintain social justice;3.Taking the abstract view of human nature of“atomized individual”as a standard,Rawls puts forward that the sense of justice is the humanity for the operation of the justice system,and the Communist society without the sense of justice as the premise is not worth desiring.Clarifying Rawls’misunderstandings of Marx’s Communist society thought is very important for deepening the research of Marx’s political philosophy.