靶向EGFRvⅢ免疫疗法在胶质母细胞瘤治疗的研究进展

Research progress of EGFRvⅢ targeted immunotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma

胶质母细胞瘤(glioblastoma,GBM)是最常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤,易复发转移,预后差。放化疗等传统治疗手段对于GBM的疗效不够理想,近年来,免疫治疗可使部分GBM患者的生存期延长,为治疗GBM提供了一种新的选择。对于免疫治疗而言,靶点的选择至关重要。部分患者的GBM细胞表面异常高表达表皮生长因子受体变异体Ⅲ(epidermal growth factor receptor variantⅢ,EGFRvⅢ),且EGFRvⅢ在正常组织中不表达。EGFRvⅢ在GBM的发生发展中起重要作用,将其作为包括免疫治疗在内的各项治疗策略的靶点有望提高疗效。目前,靶向EGFRvⅢ的免疫疗法种类繁多,包括人源化的单克隆抗体、过继性细胞疗法和治疗性疫苗。本文就靶向EGFRvⅢ的免疫治疗新策略和新方法在GBM治疗的基础研究和临床应用等方面的前沿进展进行综述。

Glioblastoma(GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, which is prone to recurrence and metastasis with poor prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapy has prolonged the survival of patients with GBM,providing a new option for the treatment of GBM. Target selection is very important for immunotherapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ(EGFRvⅢ) is highly expressed on the surface of GBM cells in some patients,and EGFRvⅢ was not expressed in normal tissues. EGFRvⅢ are pivotal for the occurrence and progression of GBM, various targeted therapy including immunotherapy is promising to improve the efficacy of GBM. Currently,there are various approaches to target EGFRvⅢ, including humanized monoclonal antibodies, adoptive cell therapies and therapeutic vaccines. In this review, we focus on the preclinical and clinical findings of targeting EGFRvⅢ for GBM.