项目课程的内涵、特征与生成

Project Approach:Definition,Features and Emergence

近年来,项目课程受到的关注日益增多。然而,和项目课程相关的术语纷繁复杂,让人倍感困惑。通过对克伯屈“项目法”及其理念的溯源,在融合现代项目研究述评的基础上,本文厘清了项目课程的内涵与特征。项目课程是一种以项目为核心,支持儿童在真实的问题情境下积极参与、合作探究与多元展示的生成课程模式。项目课程必须具备生成性的结构,源于真实的问题,并体现儿童的视角。从课程实践的视角,项目课程的生成分为确立主题、项目探究和展示总结三阶段。有效的项目课程融合了成人与儿童视界,随着项目的生成,儿童与教师都在成长。

Recently,project approach has received increasing attention.However,quite a few related terminologies are so complex and confusing.Tracing back to the origin of the’project method’and its conceptualization,this paper has clarified the definition and features of project approach on the basis of integrating the review of modern project research.Project approach is an emergent curriculum model with project as the core,which supports children’s active participation,cooperative inquiry and diversified presentation in real problem situations.Project approach must have emergent structures,stem from real problems,and embody children’s perspective.From the perspective of curriculum practice,the emergence of project approach can be divided into three stages:theme establishment,project exploration and presentation.An effective project approach blends both adults’and children’s perspectives and thus helps both children and teachers grow as the project emerges.