同伴互助学习中话语创生知识的内在机制、外在表现与实现策略

Intrinsic Mechanisms,Extrinsic Manifestations,and Strategies for Knowledge Created by Discourse in Peer Assisted Learning

同伴互助学习因其突出了知识的社会性建构而更有助于学生实现知识创生,其中,话语是知识创生的关键要素之一。学生在同伴互助学习中可以通过话语分配权力、发展身份,并通过规则均衡权力、减少偏见。话语作为知识创生的起点,同时也是影响同伴互助学习中知识创生的外在表现,其言外之力、内容和话轮是帮助学生形成权衡能力、树立权威认同、建立权责观念的重要因素。基于对话语和同伴互助学习中知识创生关系的论证,在实际课堂实践中,可以通过发扬互助精神,减少压迫性的言外之力,从而创造良好的互助环境;通过即时分析学生的话语内容,优化互助小组的配制;通过制定规则,均衡分配学生的话轮,以此提升同伴互助的效率与效果。

Because of its emphasis on social construction of knowledge,Peer Assisted Learning(PAL)helps students in understanding and creating new knowledge,among which discourse is one of the key elements of knowledge creation.Discourse is an essential medium for student learning.Students can distribute power through discourse,develop identity,balance power through rules,and reduce prejudice through PAL activities.As the starting point for knowledge creation,discourse is also an external performance that influences knowledge creation in PAL,and its illocutionary force,content and turn are important factors that help students form the ability to weigh,establish the identity of authority and establish the awareness of power and responsibility.Based on the demonstration of the relationship between discourse and peer mutual aid learning,we can develop the spirit of mutual aid to reduce the oppressive illocutionary force and create a positive mutual aid environment in classroom practices,optimize the formulation of mutual aid groups by analyzing students’discourse content in real time and formulate rules to balance students’discourse turns in cooperation,which can improve the efficiency and effect of PAL.