稳态循环或恶性循环?--教师之忙的扎根理论研究

Stable or Vicious Cycle?A Grounded Theory Study of Teachers’Busyness

忙已经成为时代的一个显著特征。受身兼数职、多重张力和被动互赖等结构性工作特征的影响,教师之忙相当可观。但教师之忙形态各异,却又最终都变成一种循环。本文通过扎根理论的研究,发现受社会期待的影响,教师们对“正常之忙”的界定决定了“忙”是走向稳态循环还是恶性循环。与西方的向外归因相比,教师们对“忙”的影响因素的向内归因和“求解”策略的向内使力,使得忙之循环更具有一种宿命论色彩。理论解释上,我们将循环因果论的视角引入忙之研究,以同时纳入系统分析和行动分析。从行动科学的视角,本文提出了调整心智、识别界限和改善互动的超越忙之循环的行动思路。

Busyness has been a sign of the times.Teachers’busyness is a significant phenomenon that is influenced by multiple duties,various tensions and passive interdependence of work structural features.Although there are different types of teachers’busyness,eventually they go into cycles.Using grounded theory approach,this study found that teachers’definition of“acceptable busyness”,is a key determinant of whether busyness becomes stable or vicious cycle.In contrast to extroverted attribution in western society,teachers’inward attribution of the influencing factors of“busyness”and the inward force of solving strategies make the busyness cycle more fatalistic.Theoretically,we introduce the circular causality concept into busyness research to incorporate both system analysis and action analysis.From the perspective of action science,our study proposes action suggestions that go beyond the busyness cycle including adjusting mental model,identifying boundaries,and improving interaction.