滇池水体中纤维状微塑料的污染特征及其来源分析

Pollution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Fibrous Microplastics in the Water Body of Dianchi Lake

于2019年4月6日至11日,在滇池中的14个采样点,在水体的0~30 cm深度层,利用浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网,采集水样;在实验室中,利用显微镜和拉曼光谱仪器,分别对微塑料进行了镜检和鉴定;分析滇池水体中纤维状微塑料的物理特征和化学成分,探讨纤维状微塑料的主要污染来源。研究结果表明,在滇池14个采样点的表层水体中,纤维状微塑料的丰度变化在14.7~269.4个/m~3之间,平均丰度为91.2个/m~3;湖心区域采样点水体中纤维状微塑料的丰度大于湖岸区域的采样点;透明色的纤维状微塑料数量所占比例(60.3%)最大,蓝色、白色、黑色、红色和其它颜色纤维状微塑料数量所占比例依次减小;尺寸小于1 mm和3mm≤尺寸<5mm的纤维状微塑料数量所占比例分别为64.70%和5.34%;纤维状微塑料的主要成分为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇脂(polyethylene terephthalate,PET),所占比例为53.1%,其它成分所占比例依次为被染色的微塑料、纤维、聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)、低密度聚乙烯(low density polyethylene,LDPE)、聚氨基甲酸乙酯(Polyurethane,PU);滇池水体中纤维状微塑料的主要来源可能是纺织品和渔网等。

Water samples were collected from the water surface at a depth of 0-30 cm with shallow water type II plankton nets at 14 sampling points in Dianchi Lake on April 6 to 11,2019.Microscopic examination and identification of microplastics were conducted by microscopes and Raman spectroscopy instruments in the laboratory.The physical properties and chemical composition of fibrous microplastics in water body of Dianchi Lake were analyzed,and the main pollution sources of fibrous microplastics were discussed.The results showed that the abundance of fibrous microplastics in surface water body of 14 sampling points in Dianchi Lake was varied from 14.7 items/m~3 to 269.4 items/m~3,with an average abundance of 91.2 items/m~3.The abundance of fibrous microplastics in the water body of the sampling points in the lake’s central area was greater than those of the sampling points in the lakeshore area.The proportion of fibrous microplastics in transparent color(60.3%)was the largest,and the proportion of fibrous microplastics in blue,white,black,red and other colors decreased in turn.The proportion of fibrous microplastics with size less than 1 mm and greater than or equal to 3 mm,but less than 5 mm was 64.70%and 5.34%respectively.The core component of fibrous microplastics was polyethylene terephthalate(PET),with a proportion of 53.1%.The proportions of other components weredyed microplastics,fibers,polypropylene(PP),low density polyethylene(LDPE),polyurethanes(PU);The main sources of fibrous microplastics in Dianchi Lake might be textiles and fishing nets.