云南虫草蝠蛾生态学的研究——Ⅰ.区域分布和生态地理分布

RESEARCH ON THE ECOLOGY OF YUNNAN HEPIALIDS——Ⅰ. REGIONAL AND ECOGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

冬虫夏草是鳞翅目中的蝠蛾属Hepialus幼虫被虫草菌Cordyceps sinensis(Berkely)Sacc。寄生感病后形成的虫、菌结合体,它是我国名贵药材之一。根据《中华人民共和国药典》(1985),其功用为:“补肺益肾,止血化痰。用于久咳虚喘,劳嗽咯血,阳痿遗精,腰膝酸痛”。

This paper deal with the regional and ecogeographical distributions of the species of Yunnan hepialids, Hepialus armoricanus, H. ljiangensis, H. yunlongensis, H.zhayuensis, and Hepialus sp. Many of the hepialid larvae can be parasitized by a kind of fungi, Cordyceps sinensis, to form the Chinese insect herb, a precious ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine. Most of the hepialids are distributed in the northwest of Yunnan, especially concentrated in Diqin Tibet Autonomous Prefecture. The insects are found from 3600 to 5080 m. above sea level and most of the individuals arc likely to occur at altitude 4400±200 m. In such a high altitude area, it’s cold all year around and snow covers the ground for more than 6 months each year. In summer, when snow is molten, grassy marshland is found everywhere in the area. Many plants such as Salix lindleyana, S.faxoniana, Polygonum vivipaum, P. macrophyllnm, and Astragalus yunnanensis elongatus etc. grow well in these places. The insect larvae prefer to feed on the roots of these plants. The soil, which is the habitat of the larvae, is very wet, 30-45% of the soil weight is water. The pH value of the soil is 5-6.5.