不同栽培方式对冬小麦品种籽粒灌浆及产量的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Grain Filling Characteristics of Dif⁃ferent Winter Wheat Varieties

为了探寻适合旱地冬小麦栽培模式,试验选用水旱兼用品种宁冬16号和旱地品种宁冬13号,研究全膜覆土穴播模式(T_(1))、农民习惯栽培模式—露地条播(T_(2))和不覆膜穴播模式(T_(3))对冬小麦干物质积累、籽粒灌浆特性、产量及产量构成因子等的影响。结果表明,3种栽培模式下花后各营养器官干物质积累变化趋势基本一致。不同播种方式小麦各营养器官中干物质积累量和分配率在成熟期表现为:籽粒>茎秆>颖壳>叶鞘>叶片>穗轴,其中籽粒中干物质量占植株总量的比例最大,其分配率达到41.6%~46.0%。籽粒干物质增加过程符合Richards生长方程。灌浆速率均呈“单峰”曲线,且呈“慢-快-慢”的变化趋势。不同品种间灌浆速率差异明显,但种内不同栽培方式间灌浆速率变化趋势基本一致。灌浆速率拟合方程因品种和栽培方式不同而有所差异。宁冬16号3种栽培方式间籽粒灌浆速率变化符合三次曲线方程,宁冬13号籽粒灌浆速率在T_(1)模式下符合二次方程,T_(2)和T_(3)模式符合Log-modified模型。从产量及产量构成因子来看,T_(1)产量均高于T_(2)和T_(3),但T_(1-13)与T_(2-13)和T_(3-13)间差异不显著,且T_(1)模式下千粒重和公顷穗数均高于T_(2)和T_(3)。综合来看,宁冬16号更适宜T_(1)模式种植,宁冬13号在降雨较充足的地区不适宜T_(1)模式,T_(2)模式更为适宜。

In order to explore suitable cultivation mode for dry land winter wheat,the experiment with irrigated and dry land variety Ningdong16 and upland variety Ningdong13 were carried out to analyze the effects of whole-film mulching(T_(1)),farmers'conventional cultivation modes(T_(2))and no-film mulching(T_(3))on dry matter accumulation,grain filling characteristics,yield and yield composition factors.The results showed that the changing trend of dry matter accumulation in the vegetative organs after flowering was basically the same under the three cultivation modes.The dry matter accumulation and allocation rate in different vegetative organs of winter wheat under different sowing in the mature shows as:grain>stem>leaf>clever shell>leaf>cob,the quality of grain dry matter ac⁃counted for the largest percentage of total plant and the distribution rate is 41.6%-46.0%.The increase trend of dry matter in grain conforms to the Richards equation.The grouting rate showed a"single peak"curve and a"slow-fastslow"trend.There were significant differences in grout rate among different cultivars,but the variation trend of grout rate among different cultivars was basically the same.Grouting rate fitting equation varies with varieties and cultiva⁃tion methods.The change of grain filling rate between three cultivation methods of Ningdong 16 conforms to the cu⁃bic curve equation,and the grain filling rate of Ningdong 13 conforms to the quadratic equation under T_(1)mode,and the grain filling rate of T_(2)and T_(3)conforms to the log-modified model.In terms of yield and yield components,the yield of T_(1)was higher than that of T_(2)and T_(3),but there was no significant difference among T_(1-13),T_(2-13) and T_(3-13).More⁃over,the mass of 1,000 grains and the number of panicle per hectare in T_(1)mode were both higher than that of T_(2)and T_(3).Generally speaking,Ningdong 16 is more suitable for T_(1)mode,while Ningdong 13 is more suitable for T_(2)mode in areas with sufficient rainfall.