金属粉床增材制造奥氏体不锈钢的研究进展

Research progress of austenitic stainless steel made by metal additive manufacturing

金属增材制造技术成形奥氏体不锈钢易出现与传统制备方法完全不同的非平衡亚稳微观组织,表现出独特的性能,其中激光增材制造的316L不锈钢,兼具高屈服强度、良好的伸长率以及优异的耐腐蚀性能。系统综述了近年来国内外激光增材制造316L不锈钢的研究进展,针对其高冷却速率、微熔池冶金、强非平衡凝固和复杂热履历成形条件,阐述其微观组织结构的形成机制和调控方法,以及对力学性能和腐蚀行为的影响规律,重点分析了激光增材制造316L奥氏体不锈钢的强韧化机制,最后展望增材制造奥氏体不锈钢的未来研究方向。

Compared with the parts prepared by conventional methods,the parts formed by metal additive manufacturing(MAM)technology are prone to have non-equilibrium and sub-micro cellular structures,which show more excellent performance.Especially,the 316L stainless steel formed by laser powder bed melting technology has high yield strength,good elongation,and excellent corrosion resistance.Aiming at the superfast thermal cycle,complex metallurgical reactions,intense non-equilibrium solidification,and particular thermal history of MAM technologies,the current advances in the related fields of laser powder-bed fusion 316L(L-PBF 316L)austenitic stainless steel were systematically reviewed.The mechanical properties and corrosion mechanism of L-PBF 316L and its influencing factors including microstructural features evolution and corresponding regulation were discussed.All importantly,the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of 316L deformation were thoroughly revealed.Finally,a brief prospect on the future research direction of additive manufacturing austenitic stainless steel was provided.