摘要
1978—79年在云南昆明、嵩明等地先后采到豌蚜的一种优势寄生天敌—阿尔蚜茧蜂。本文着重研究了几种主要环境因子对其生殖的影响。 食物是决定阿尔蚜茧蜂寿命的基本环境因子之一。饲以20%蔗糖液的雌蜂寿命最长可达20—21天。刚羽化的雌蜂其卵巢内即出现成熟卵,平均每只雌蜂有成熟卵74.9粒,最多达141.8粒。光照对雌蜂产卵有明显影响,在白昼自然光照下,每雌蜂30分钟内可产卵24.00粒;而在黑暗条件下,仅1.80粒,甚至不产卵。在10℃,20℃和湿度70—80%下,雌蜂对各龄寄主都可产卵,其效率以低龄寄主为高。产卵适宜温度为20℃左右。寄主密度对雌蜂生殖亦有一定影响。低寄主密度(1:20)、(1:40)时,其产卵数少于高寄主密度(1:60)、(1:80)。同时过寄生寄主比率亦高。此外该蜂对0℃以下被冻死的寄主副豌蚜不产卵,也对其他两个蚜种甘兰蚜和云南修尾蚜均不产卵。
The present paper deals with the influence of environmental factors on reproduction of Aphidius ervi Haliday. Food is one of the basic factors determining the longevity of parasite adults. The longevity of female adults fed with 20% sugar solution is 20-21 days, while that of them fed with water is only 4-5 days. The results show that light has obvious effects on the production of eggs in these wasps in that the females tend to lay more eggs when lighted than they do in dark. It is apparent that the temperature can influence parasite fecundity. The parasite shows higher efficiency of oviposition on low and mid-instar hosts than on adult of the host at 10℃ or 20℃and RH. 70-80%. But under 10℃ the parasites are poorly active, rarely and slowly oviposit. The average number of eggs laid per (?) is less than that at temperature 20℃.
作者
何琬
李学芬
He Wan;Li Xuefen(Kunming Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica;Pest prognostic station,Song-Ming county,Yunnan province)
